🏰 Chapter 6: The Tughlaqs 🏰
Theme 3: The Delhi Sultanate | Class 7 History
🗺️ Map: Extent of Tughlaq Empire under Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
The empire extended from Sindh to Bengal and from Himalayas to Deccan
📅 Timeline
1320 CE: Tughlaq dynasty founded by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
1325-1351 CE: Rule of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
1351-1388 CE: Rule of Firoz Shah Tughlaq
1414 CE: Sayyid dynasty founded by Khizr Khan
1451-1526 CE: Lodi dynasty
1526 CE: First Battle of Panipat - End of Delhi Sultanate
📸 Daulatabad Fort - New Capital
Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq shifted capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in 1327 CE
1. Choose the correct option:
a) Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq was also known as ______
Ans: iii) Ulugh Khan
b) Which of these was a new city founded by Firoz Shah Tughlaq?
Ans: ii) Jaunpur
c) Which ruler of the Delhi Sultanate was defeated in 1526 CE?
Ans: i) Ibrahim Lodi
d) The Mongol invader in 1398 CE was the ruler of ______
Ans: ii) Samarkand
e) What kept the peasants happy during Firoz Shah’s rule?
Ans: iv) all of the above
2. Answer in one word:
a) The rest houses set up by Firoz Shah Tughlaq → Sarai
b) The Muslim scholars were called this → Ulema
c) The Lodi ruler who changed his capital from Delhi to Agra → Sikandar Lodi
d) Literary work of Ibn Battuta → Rihla
e) The first ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty → Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
3. Answer briefly:
a) Reasons for shifting capital to Daulatabad:
1. Central location to control the empire. 2. Safe from Mongol attacks.
b) Token currency experiment:
Due to silver shortage, copper coins were issued. People made fake coins at home, so the system failed.
c) Failed expeditions:
1. Khurasan in Central Asia 2. Qarachil in Himachal Pradesh
4. Answer in detail:
Welfare measures of Firoz Shah Tughlaq:
Built canals, reduced taxes, built hospitals and sarais, set up employment bureau, founded new towns like Firozabad, Hisar and Jaunpur.
Rule of the Lodi Dynasty:
Last dynasty of Delhi Sultanate. Bahlul Lodi founded it, Sikandar Lodi shifted capital to Agra, Ibrahim Lodi was defeated by Babur in 1526 at Panipat.
📝 Key Points to Remember
- Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq - Visionary but failed due to poor planning
- Firoz Shah Tughlaq - Welfare ruler, focused on public works
- Ibn Battuta - Moroccan traveller who wrote 'Rihla'
- 1526 CE - End of Delhi Sultanate, beginning of Mughal Empire
📘 Chapter: The Tughlaqs - EXERCISE ANSWERS
Class 7 History | Delhi Sultanate
1. Choose the correct option:
a) Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq was also known as _______
Ans: iii) Ulugh Khan
b) Which of these was a new city founded by Firoz Shah Tughlaq?
Ans: ii) Jaunpur
Note: He also founded Firozabad and Hisar.
c) Which ruler of the Delhi Sultanate was defeated in 1526 CE?
Ans: i) Ibrahim Lodi
He was defeated by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat.
d) The Mongol invader in 1398 CE was the ruler of _______
Ans: ii) Samarkand
The invader was Timur, the ruler of Samarkand.
e) What kept the peasants happy during Firoz Shah's rule?
Ans: iv) all of the above
He gave easy loans, built canals and dams, and reduced taxes.
f) Assertion (A): Babur was invited by Daulat Khan Lodi to overthrow Ibrahim Lodi.
Reason (R): Babur wanted to invade Punjab and proceed further into India.
Ans: ii) R is the correct explanation for A
Both A and R are true, and R explains why Daulat Khan invited him.
2. Answer in one word:
a) The rest houses set up by Firoz Shah Tughlaq → Sarai
b) The Muslim scholars were called this → Ulema
c) The Lodi ruler who changed his capital from Delhi to Agra → Sikandar Lodi
d) Literary work of the Moroccan traveller, Ibn Battuta → Rihla
e) The first ruler of the Tughlaq dynasty → Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
3. Answer the following questions briefly:
a) Which regions did Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq bring under his control?
Ans: Bengal, Warangal, and Madurai.
b) Why is Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq described as a strange contrasting personality?
Ans: He was a scholar and visionary, but his decisions like shifting capital and token currency failed badly.
c) What went wrong with the military expeditions of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq?
Ans: Expeditions to Khorasan and Qarachil failed due to lack of money, poor planning, and difficult terrain.
d) Firoz Shah's welfare measures:
i) New towns: Firozabad, Hisar, and Jaunpur
ii) Contribution to architecture: Built mosques, palaces, canals, dams, and rest houses. Repaired Qutub Minar.
e) After the Tughlaqs:
i) Attack that caused downfall: Timur in 1398 CE
ii) Result: Delhi was looted and Tughlaq dynasty became weak
iii) Two dynasties after this: Sayyid dynasty and Lodi dynasty
4. Answer in detail:
a) Taxation policy of Doab - What went wrong?
He increased taxes in Doab region during a famine. Farmers could not pay, so they revolted and left. This ruined agriculture.
b) Outcomes of administrative failures of Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq:
1. Bengal, Deccan, Gujarat became independent.
2. Treasury became empty.
3. People lost faith in the Sultan.
4. Delhi Sultanate weakened.
c) Welfare measures of Firoz Shah Tughlaq:
1. Dug canals and dams for irrigation.
2. Reduced taxes to 1/10th.
3. Built hospitals, schools, and sarais.
4. Set up employment bureau.
5. Banned harsh punishments.
d) Comparative analysis: Alauddin Khalji vs Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
| Point | Alauddin Khalji | Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Strict and powerful | Scholarly but impractical |
| Military | Successful in South India | Failed expeditions |
| Economy | Market control worked | Token currency failed |
e) Rule of the Lodi dynasty:
The last dynasty of Delhi Sultanate.
Bahlul Lodi - Founder, brought unity.
Sikandar Lodi - Shifted capital to Agra, good administrator.
Ibrahim Lodi - Defeated by Babur in 1526 CE at Panipat. This ended the Delhi Sultanate and started Mughal Empire.
📌 Quick Revision Notes
- 1320-1413: Tughlaq Dynasty
- 1414-1451: Sayyid Dynasty
- 1451-1526: Lodi Dynasty
- 1526: First Battle of Panipat - Start of Mughals
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