1.Personal Pronouns: These pronouns refer to specific people or things. 

  • Examples: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
  • Used to replace nouns in a sentence.
  • Example: "He is going to the store." (Here, "he" replaces a specific person's name.)


2. Possessive Pronouns: These pronouns show ownership or possession.

Possessive Pronouns show ownership or possession. They indicate that something belongs to someone or something.


Examples:

  • The book is mine.
  • The car is hers.
  • The phone is yours.
  • The house is theirs.
  • The cat is eating its food.

  • Examples: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs.
  • Example: "The book is mine." (Here, "mine" shows ownership.)


3. Reflexive Pronouns: These pronouns are used when the subject and object are the same.

Reflexive Pronouns are words that refer back to the subject of a sentence, indicating that the subject is also the object. They're used when someone performs an action on themselves.


Examples:

  • I hurt myself.
  • She dressed herself.
  • He washed himself.
  • We enjoyed ourselves.
  • They took care of themselves.


Reflexive pronouns typically end in "-self" or "-selves":

  • myself
  • yourself
  • himself
  • herself
  • itself
  • ourselves
  • themselves

  • Examples: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves.
  • Example: "I hurt myself." (Here, "myself" refers back to "I".)


4. Demonstrative Pronouns: Demonstrative Pronouns (निर्देशक सर्वनाम) are used to point out specific people, things, or places. They help identify or indicate which one we're talking about.


Examples:

  • This is my book.
  • That is a beautiful view.
  • These are my friends.
  • Those are the books I wanted.


Demonstrative Pronouns:

  • This (singular, near)
  • That (singular, far)
  • These (plural, near)
  • Those (plural, far)


Usage:

  • This/These for things/people near us.
  • That/Those for things/people farther away.


Examples:

  • This is delicious (pointing to food near you).
  • That is a great movie (pointing to something far away).
  • These are my shoes.
  • Those are nice flowers.

  • Examples: this, that, these, those.
  • Example: "This is my book." (Here, "this" points out a specific book.)


5. Interrogative Pronouns: Interrogative Pronouns (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम) are used to ask questions. They help inquire about people, things, or information.


Examples:

  • Who is coming?
  • What do you want?
  • Which book is yours?
  • Whom did you meet?
  • Whose is this bag?


Interrogative Pronouns:

  • Who (for people, subject)
  • Whom (for people, object)
  • What (for things)
  • Which (for choices)
  • Whose (for possession)


Usage:

  • Who is asking the question? (subject)
  • Whom did you invite? (object)
  • What is that noise?
  • Which one do you prefer?
  • Whose phone is this?

  • Examples: who, what, which, whom, whose.
  • Example: "Who is going to the party?" (Here, "who" asks about a person.)


6. Indefinite Pronouns: Indefinite Pronouns (अनिश्चित सर्वनाम) का उपयोग अनिश्चित या अस्पष्ट व्यक्ति, वस्तु, या मात्रा के बारे में बात करने के लिए किया जाता है। ये सर्वनाम किसी विशिष्ट व्यक्ति या वस्तु का नाम नहीं लेते हैं।

Indefinite pronouns are used to refer to an indefinite or unknown person, thing, or quantity. These pronouns do not name a specific person or thing.


उदाहरण:

  • Someone is at the door. (दरवाजे पर कोई है।)
  • Anyone can join the party. (कोबी पार्टी में शामिल हो सकता है।)
  • Everyone loves ice cream. (हर कोई आइसक्रीम पसंद करता है।)
  • Something is missing. (कुछ गायब है।)
  • Nobody was there. (वहाँ कोई नहीं था।)


Indefinite Pronouns:

  • Someone 
  • Anyone
  • Everyone
  • Something
  • Nothing
  • Nobody
  • Anybody 
  • Everybody 


उपयोग:

  • Someone ने फोन किया था। (अनिश्चित व्यक्ति)
  • Anything आपको पसंद है? (अनिश्चित वस्तु)
  • Everyone को आमंत्रित किया गया है। (सभी लोग)
  • Something गड़बड़ है। (अनिश्चित वस्तु)

  • Examples: someone, something, anyone, anything, everyone, everything.
  • Example: "Someone is at the door." (Here, "someone" refers to an unknown person.)


7. Relative Pronouns: Relative Pronouns (संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम) का उपयोग दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने और एक संबंध दिखाने के लिए किया जाता है। ये सर्वनाम एक वाक्य में एक संज्ञा के बारे में अधिक जानकारी देते हैं।


उदाहरण:

  • The book that I read was interesting. (जो किताब मैंने पढ़ी वह दिलचस्प थी।)
  • The person who called me is my friend. (जिसने मुझे फोन किया वह मेरा दोस्त है।)
  • The house which is on sale is beautiful. (जो घर बिकाऊ है वह सुंदर है।)


Relative Pronouns:

  • Who (व्यक्ति के लिए, कर्ता)
  • Whom (व्यक्ति के लिए, कर्म)
  • Whose (स्वामित्व के लिए)
  • That (व्यक्ति या वस्तु के लिए)
  • Which (वस्तु के लिए)


उपयोग:

  • Who is used for people (subject).
  • Whom is used for people (object).
  • Whose shows possession.
  • That is used for people or things.
  • Which is used for things.


Examples:

  • The girl who is singing is talented.
  • The book that I bought is expensive.
  • The man whom I met is a doctor.

  • Examples: who, which, that, whom, whose.
  • Example: "The person who called me is my friend." (Here, "who" introduces a clause about the person.)


8. Distributive Pronouns: Distributive Pronouns (विभाजक सर्वनाम) का उपयोग समूह के प्रत्येक सदस्य के लिए अलग-अलग तरीके से किया जाता है। ये सर्वनाम समूह के प्रत्येक सदस्य को व्यक्तिगत रूप से संदर्भित करते हैं।


उदाहरण:

  • Each of them has a pen. (उनमें से प्रत्येक के पास एक पेन है।)
  • Every student must attend the meeting. (हर छात्र को बैठक में उपस्थित होना चाहिए।)
  • Either of the two options is fine. (दोनों में से कोई भी विकल्प ठीक है।)
  • Neither of the answers is correct. (दोनों में से कोई भी उत्तर सही नहीं है।)


Distributive Pronouns:

  • Each (प्रत्येक)
  • Every (हर)
  • Either (दोनों में से कोई भी)
  • Neither (दोनों में से कोई नहीं)


उपयोग:

  • Each is used for two or more people/things.
  • Every is used for more than two people/things.
  • Either is used for two people/things.
  • Neither is used for two people/things (negative).


Examples:

  • Each student has a book.
  • Every house on the street is painted white.
  • You can choose either of the dresses.
  • Neither of the brothers is married.

  • Examples: each, either, neither, everyone, everybody.
  • Example: "Each of us has a responsibility." (Here, "each" refers to individual members.)

9. Reciprocal Pronouns: Reciprocal Pronouns (परस्पर सर्वनाम) का उपयोग दो या अधिक लोगों या वस्तुओं के बीच परस्पर संबंध दिखाने के लिए किया जाता है। ये सर्वनाम दिखाते हैं कि एक क्रिया दोनों तरफ से हो रही है।

These pronouns show a mutual relationship.Examples: each other, one another.

उदाहरण:

  • They love each other. (वे एक दूसरे से प्यार करते हैं।)
  • We help one another. (हम एक दूसरे की मदद करते हैं।)


Reciprocal Pronouns:

  • Each other (दो लोगों या वस्तुओं के लिए)
  • One another (दो से अधिक लोगों या वस्तुओं के लिए)


उपयोग:

  • Each other is used for two people/things.
  • One another is used for more than two people/things.


Examples:

  • The two friends trust each other.
  • The team members support one another.
  • They talked to each other yesterday.
  • We should respect one another.

  • Example: "They love each other." (Here, "each other" shows a mutual relationship.)
  • Intensive Pronouns: These pronouns emphasize a noun or pronoun.

Examples: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves.

Example: "I myself will do it." (Here, "myself" emphasizes "I".)